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25  
26  /* @test
27   * @summary unit tests for java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles
28   * @compile -source 7 -target 7 MethodHandlesTest.java
29   * @run junit/othervm test.java.lang.invoke.MethodHandlesTest
30   */
31  
32  package test.java.lang.invoke;
33  
34  import java.lang.invoke.*;
35  import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup;
36  import java.lang.reflect.*;
37  import java.util.*;
38  import org.junit.*;
39  import static org.junit.Assert.*;
40  import static org.junit.Assume.*;
41  
42  
43  /**
44   *
45   * @author jrose
46   */
47  public class MethodHandlesTest {
48      // How much output?
49      static int verbosity = 0;
50      static {
51          String vstr = System.getProperty("test.java.lang.invoke.MethodHandlesTest.verbosity");
52          if (vstr != null)  verbosity = Integer.parseInt(vstr);
53      }
54  
55      // Set this true during development if you want to fast-forward to
56      // a particular new, non-working test.  Tests which are known to
57      // work (or have recently worked) test this flag and return on true.
58      static boolean CAN_SKIP_WORKING = false;
59      //static { CAN_SKIP_WORKING = true; }
60  
61      // Set true to test more calls.  If false, some tests are just
62      // lookups, without exercising the actual method handle.
63      static boolean DO_MORE_CALLS = true;
64  
65      @Test
66      public void testFirst() throws Throwable {
67          verbosity += 9; try {
68              // left blank for debugging
69          } finally { printCounts(); verbosity -= 9; }
70      }
71  
72      // current failures
73      @Test @Ignore("failure in call to makeRawRetypeOnly in ToGeneric")
74      public void testFail_1() throws Throwable {
75          // AMH.<init>: IllegalArgumentException: bad adapter (conversion=0xfffab300): adapter pushes too many parameters
76          testSpreadArguments(int.class, 0, 6);
77      }
78      @Test @Ignore("failure in JVM when expanding the stack using asm stub for _adapter_spread_args")
79      public void testFail_2() throws Throwable {
80          // if CONV_OP_IMPLEMENTED_MASK includes OP_SPREAD_ARGS, this crashes:
81          testSpreadArguments(Object.class, 0, 2);
82      }
83      @Test @Ignore("IllArgEx failure in call to ToGeneric.make")
84      public void testFail_3() throws Throwable {
85          // ToGeneric.<init>: UnsupportedOperationException: NYI: primitive parameters must follow references; entryType = (int,java.lang.Object)java.lang.Object
86          testSpreadArguments(int.class, 1, 2);
87      }
88      @Test @Ignore("IllArgEx failure in call to ToGeneric.make")
89      public void testFail_4() throws Throwable {
90          // ToGeneric.<init>: UnsupportedOperationException: NYI: primitive parameters must follow references; entryType = (int,java.lang.Object)java.lang.Object
91          testCollectArguments(int.class, 1, 2);
92      }
93      @Test @Ignore("cannot collect leading primitive types")
94      public void testFail_5() throws Throwable {
95          // ToGeneric.<init>: UnsupportedOperationException: NYI: primitive parameters must follow references; entryType = (int,java.lang.Object)java.lang.Object
96          testInvokers(MethodType.genericMethodType(2).changeParameterType(0, int.class));
97      }
98      @Test @Ignore("should not insert arguments beyond MethodHandlePushLimit")
99      public void testFail_6() throws Throwable {
100         // ValueConversions.varargsArray: UnsupportedOperationException: NYI: cannot form a varargs array of length 13
101         testInsertArguments(0, 0, MAX_ARG_INCREASE+10);
102     }
103     @Test @Ignore("permuteArguments has trouble with double slots")
104     public void testFail_7() throws Throwable {
105         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L},
106                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class},
107                              new int[]{1,0});
108         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L, 5000L},
109                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class, long.class},
110                              new int[]{2,0,1}); //rot
111         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L, 5000L},
112                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class, long.class},
113                              new int[]{1,2,0}); //rot
114         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L, 5000L},
115                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class, long.class},
116                              new int[]{2,1,0}); //swap
117         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L, 5000L},
118                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class, long.class},
119                              new int[]{0,1,2,2}); //dup
120         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L, 5000L},
121                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class, long.class},
122                              new int[]{2,0,1,2});
123         testPermuteArguments(new Object[]{10, 200L, 5000L},
124                              new Class<?>[]{Integer.class, long.class, long.class},
125                              new int[]{2,2,0,1});
126         testPermuteArguments(4, Integer.class,  2, long.class,    6);
127     }
128     static final int MAX_ARG_INCREASE = 3;
129 
130     public MethodHandlesTest() {
131     }
132 
133     String testName;
134     static int allPosTests, allNegTests;
135     int posTests, negTests;
136     @After
137     public void printCounts() {
138         if (verbosity >= 2 && (posTests | negTests) != 0) {
139             System.out.println();
140             if (posTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+testName+": "+posTests+" positive test cases run");
141             if (negTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+testName+": "+negTests+" negative test cases run");
142             allPosTests += posTests;
143             allNegTests += negTests;
144             posTests = negTests = 0;
145         }
146     }
147     void countTest(boolean positive) {
148         if (positive) ++posTests;
149         else          ++negTests;
150     }
151     void countTest() { countTest(true); }
152     void startTest(String name) {
153         if (testName != null)  printCounts();
154         if (verbosity >= 1)
155             System.out.println(name);
156         posTests = negTests = 0;
157         testName = name;
158     }
159 
160     @BeforeClass
161     public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
162         calledLog.clear();
163         calledLog.add(null);
164         nextArgVal = INITIAL_ARG_VAL;
165     }
166 
167     @AfterClass
168     public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
169         int posTests = allPosTests, negTests = allNegTests;
170         if (verbosity >= 2 && (posTests | negTests) != 0) {
171             System.out.println();
172             if (posTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+posTests+" total positive test cases");
173             if (negTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+negTests+" total negative test cases");
174         }
175     }
176 
177     static List<Object> calledLog = new ArrayList<Object>();
178     static Object logEntry(String name, Object... args) {
179         return Arrays.asList(name, Arrays.asList(args));
180     }
181     static Object called(String name, Object... args) {
182         Object entry = logEntry(name, args);
183         calledLog.add(entry);
184         return entry;
185     }
186     static void assertCalled(String name, Object... args) {
187         Object expected = logEntry(name, args);
188         Object actual   = calledLog.get(calledLog.size() - 1);
189         if (expected.equals(actual) && verbosity < 9)  return;
190         System.out.println("assertCalled "+name+":");
191         System.out.println("expected:   "+expected);
192         System.out.println("actual:     "+actual);
193         System.out.println("ex. types:  "+getClasses(expected));
194         System.out.println("act. types: "+getClasses(actual));
195         assertEquals("previous method call", expected, actual);
196     }
197     static void printCalled(MethodHandle target, String name, Object... args) {
198         if (verbosity >= 3)
199             System.out.println("calling MH="+target+" to "+name+Arrays.toString(args));
200     }
201 
202     static Object castToWrapper(Object value, Class<?> dst) {
203         Object wrap = null;
204         if (value instanceof Number)
205             wrap = castToWrapperOrNull(((Number)value).longValue(), dst);
206         if (value instanceof Character)
207             wrap = castToWrapperOrNull((char)(Character)value, dst);
208         if (wrap != null)  return wrap;
209         return dst.cast(value);
210     }
211 
212     static Object castToWrapperOrNull(long value, Class<?> dst) {
213         if (dst == int.class || dst == Integer.class)
214             return (int)(value);
215         if (dst == long.class || dst == Long.class)
216             return (long)(value);
217         if (dst == char.class || dst == Character.class)
218             return (char)(value);
219         if (dst == short.class || dst == Short.class)
220             return (short)(value);
221         if (dst == float.class || dst == Float.class)
222             return (float)(value);
223         if (dst == double.class || dst == Double.class)
224             return (double)(value);
225         if (dst == byte.class || dst == Byte.class)
226             return (byte)(value);
227         if (dst == boolean.class || dst == boolean.class)
228             return ((value % 29) & 1) == 0;
229         return null;
230     }
231 
232     static final int ONE_MILLION = (1000*1000),  // first int value
233                      TEN_BILLION = (10*1000*1000*1000),  // scale factor to reach upper 32 bits
234                      INITIAL_ARG_VAL = ONE_MILLION << 1;  // <<1 makes space for sign bit;
235     static long nextArgVal;
236     static long nextArg(boolean moreBits) {
237         long val = nextArgVal++;
238         long sign = -(val & 1); // alternate signs
239         val >>= 1;
240         if (moreBits)
241             // Guarantee some bits in the high word.
242             // In any case keep the decimal representation simple-looking,
243             // with lots of zeroes, so as not to make the printed decimal
244             // strings unnecessarily noisy.
245             val += (val % ONE_MILLION) * TEN_BILLION;
246         return val ^ sign;
247     }
248     static int nextArg() {
249         // Produce a 32-bit result something like ONE_MILLION+(smallint).
250         // Example: 1_000_042.
251         return (int) nextArg(false);
252     }
253     static long nextArg(Class<?> kind) {
254         if (kind == long.class   || kind == Long.class ||
255             kind == double.class || kind == Double.class)
256             // produce a 64-bit result something like
257             // ((TEN_BILLION+1) * (ONE_MILLION+(smallint)))
258             // Example: 10_000_420_001_000_042.
259             return nextArg(true);
260         return (long) nextArg();
261     }
262 
263     static Object randomArg(Class<?> param) {
264         Object wrap = castToWrapperOrNull(nextArg(param), param);
265         if (wrap != null) {
266             return wrap;
267         }
268 //        import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
269 //        Wrapper wrap = Wrapper.forBasicType(dst);
270 //        if (wrap == Wrapper.OBJECT && Wrapper.isWrapperType(dst))
271 //            wrap = Wrapper.forWrapperType(dst);
272 //        if (wrap != Wrapper.OBJECT)
273 //            return wrap.wrap(nextArg++);
274         if (param.isInterface()) {
275             for (Class<?> c : param.getClasses()) {
276                 if (param.isAssignableFrom(c) && !c.isInterface())
277                     { param = c; break; }
278             }
279         }
280         if (param.isInterface() || param.isAssignableFrom(String.class))
281             return "#"+nextArg();
282         else
283             try {
284                 return param.newInstance();
285             } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
286             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
287             }
288         return null;  // random class not Object, String, Integer, etc.
289     }
290     static Object[] randomArgs(Class<?>... params) {
291         Object[] args = new Object[params.length];
292         for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
293             args[i] = randomArg(params[i]);
294         return args;
295     }
296     static Object[] randomArgs(int nargs, Class<?> param) {
297         Object[] args = new Object[nargs];
298         for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
299             args[i] = randomArg(param);
300         return args;
301     }
302 
303     static <T, E extends T> T[] array(Class<T[]> atype, E... a) {
304         return Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, atype);
305     }
306     static <T> T[] cat(T[] a, T... b) {
307         int alen = a.length, blen = b.length;
308         if (blen == 0)  return a;
309         T[] c = Arrays.copyOf(a, alen + blen);
310         System.arraycopy(b, 0, c, alen, blen);
311         return c;
312     }
313     static Integer[] boxAll(int... vx) {
314         Integer[] res = new Integer[vx.length];
315         for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
316             res[i] = vx[i];
317         }
318         return res;
319     }
320     static Object getClasses(Object x) {
321         if (x == null)  return x;
322         if (x instanceof String)  return x;  // keep the name
323         if (x instanceof List) {
324             // recursively report classes of the list elements
325             Object[] xa = ((List)x).toArray();
326             for (int i = 0; i < xa.length; i++)
327                 xa[i] = getClasses(xa[i]);
328             return Arrays.asList(xa);
329         }
330         return x.getClass().getSimpleName();
331     }
332 
333     /** Return lambda(arg...[arity]) { new Object[]{ arg... } } */
334     static MethodHandle varargsList(int arity) {
335         return ValueConversions.varargsList(arity);
336     }
337     /** Return lambda(arg...[arity]) { Arrays.asList(arg...) } */
338     static MethodHandle varargsArray(int arity) {
339         return ValueConversions.varargsArray(arity);
340     }
341     static MethodHandle varargsArray(Class<?> arrayType, int arity) {
342         return ValueConversions.varargsArray(arrayType, arity);
343     }
344     /** Variation of varargsList, but with the given rtype. */
345     static MethodHandle varargsList(int arity, Class<?> rtype) {
346         MethodHandle list = varargsList(arity);
347         MethodType listType = list.type().changeReturnType(rtype);
348         if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(rtype) || rtype == void.class || rtype == Object.class) {
349             // OK
350         } else if (rtype.isAssignableFrom(String.class)) {
351             if (LIST_TO_STRING == null)
352                 try {
353                     LIST_TO_STRING = PRIVATE.findStatic(PRIVATE.lookupClass(), "listToString",
354                                                         MethodType.methodType(String.class, List.class));
355                 } catch (Exception ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); }
356             list = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(list, LIST_TO_STRING);
357         } else if (rtype.isPrimitive()) {
358             if (LIST_TO_INT == null)
359                 try {
360                     LIST_TO_INT = PRIVATE.findStatic(PRIVATE.lookupClass(), "listToInt",
361                                                      MethodType.methodType(int.class, List.class));
362                 } catch (Exception ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); }
363             list = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(list, LIST_TO_INT);
364             list = MethodHandles.explicitCastArguments(list, listType);
365         } else {
366             throw new RuntimeException("varargsList: "+rtype);
367         }
368         return list.asType(listType);
369     }
370     private static MethodHandle LIST_TO_STRING, LIST_TO_INT;
371     private static String listToString(List x) { return x.toString(); }
372     private static int listToInt(List x) { return x.toString().hashCode(); }
373 
374     static MethodHandle changeArgTypes(MethodHandle target, Class<?> argType) {
375         return changeArgTypes(target, 0, 999, argType);
376     }
377     static MethodHandle changeArgTypes(MethodHandle target,
378             int beg, int end, Class<?> argType) {
379         MethodType targetType = target.type();
380         end = Math.min(end, targetType.parameterCount());
381         ArrayList<Class<?>> argTypes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(targetType.parameterList());
382         Collections.fill(argTypes.subList(beg, end), argType);
383         MethodType ttype2 = MethodType.methodType(targetType.returnType(), argTypes);
384         return target.asType(ttype2);
385     }
386 
387     // This lookup is good for all members in and under MethodHandlesTest.
388     static final Lookup PRIVATE = MethodHandles.lookup();
389     // This lookup is good for package-private members but not private ones.
390     static final Lookup PACKAGE = PackageSibling.lookup();
391     // This lookup is good only for public members.
392     static final Lookup PUBLIC  = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
393 
394     // Subject methods...
395     static class Example implements IntExample {
396         final String name;
397         public Example() { name = "Example#"+nextArg(); }
398         protected Example(String name) { this.name = name; }
399         protected Example(int x) { this(); called("protected <init>", this, x); }
400         @Override public String toString() { return name; }
401 
402         public void            v0()     { called("v0", this); }
403         void                   pkg_v0() { called("pkg_v0", this); }
404         private void           pri_v0() { called("pri_v0", this); }
405         public static void     s0()     { called("s0"); }
406         static void            pkg_s0() { called("pkg_s0"); }
407         private static void    pri_s0() { called("pri_s0"); }
408 
409         public Object          v1(Object x) { return called("v1", this, x); }
410         public Object          v2(Object x, Object y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
411         public Object          v2(Object x, int    y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
412         public Object          v2(int    x, Object y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
413         public Object          v2(int    x, int    y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
414         public static Object   s1(Object x) { return called("s1", x); }
415         public static Object   s2(int x)    { return called("s2", x); }
416         public static Object   s3(long x)   { return called("s3", x); }
417         public static Object   s4(int x, int y) { return called("s4", x, y); }
418         public static Object   s5(long x, int y) { return called("s5", x, y); }
419         public static Object   s6(int x, long y) { return called("s6", x, y); }
420         public static Object   s7(float x, double y) { return called("s7", x, y); }
421 
422         static final Lookup EXAMPLE = MethodHandles.lookup();  // for testing findSpecial
423     }
424     static final Lookup EXAMPLE = Example.EXAMPLE;
425     public static class PubExample extends Example {
426         public PubExample() { super("PubExample#"+nextArg()); }
427     }
428     static class SubExample extends Example {
429         @Override public void  v0()     { called("Sub/v0", this); }
430         @Override void         pkg_v0() { called("Sub/pkg_v0", this); }
431         private      SubExample(int x)  { called("<init>", this, x); }
432         public SubExample() { super("SubExample#"+nextArg()); }
433     }
434     public static interface IntExample {
435         public void            v0();
436         public static class Impl implements IntExample {
437             public void        v0()     { called("Int/v0", this); }
438             final String name;
439             public Impl() { name = "Impl#"+nextArg(); }
440             @Override public String toString() { return name; }
441         }
442     }
443 
444     static final Object[][][] ACCESS_CASES = {
445         { { false, PUBLIC }, { false, PACKAGE }, { false, PRIVATE }, { false, EXAMPLE } }, //[0]: all false
446         { { false, PUBLIC }, { false, PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[1]: only PRIVATE
447         { { false, PUBLIC }, { true,  PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[2]: PUBLIC false
448         { { true,  PUBLIC }, { true,  PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[3]: all true
449     };
450 
451     static Object[][] accessCases(Class<?> defc, String name, boolean isSpecial) {
452         Object[][] cases;
453         if (name.contains("pri_") || isSpecial) {
454             cases = ACCESS_CASES[1]; // PRIVATE only
455         } else if (name.contains("pkg_") || !Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers())) {
456             cases = ACCESS_CASES[2]; // not PUBLIC
457         } else {
458             assertTrue(name.indexOf('_') < 0);
459             boolean pubc = Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers());
460             if (pubc)
461                 cases = ACCESS_CASES[3]; // all access levels
462             else
463                 cases = ACCESS_CASES[2]; // PACKAGE but not PUBLIC
464         }
465         if (defc != Example.class && cases[cases.length-1][1] == EXAMPLE)
466             cases = Arrays.copyOfRange(cases, 0, cases.length-1);
467         return cases;
468     }
469     static Object[][] accessCases(Class<?> defc, String name) {
470         return accessCases(defc, name, false);
471     }
472 
473     @Test
474     public void testFindStatic() throws Throwable {
475         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
476         startTest("findStatic");
477         testFindStatic(PubExample.class, void.class, "s0");
478         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "s0");
479         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "pkg_s0");
480         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "pri_s0");
481 
482         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s1", Object.class);
483         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s2", int.class);
484         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s3", long.class);
485         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s4", int.class, int.class);
486         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s5", long.class, int.class);
487         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s6", int.class, long.class);
488         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s7", float.class, double.class);
489 
490         testFindStatic(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
491     }
492 
493     void testFindStatic(Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
494         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
495             testFindStatic((Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, ret, name, params);
496         }
497     }
498     void testFindStatic(Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
499         testFindStatic(true, lookup, defc, ret, name, params);
500     }
501     void testFindStatic(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
502         countTest(positive);
503         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
504         MethodHandle target = null;
505         Exception noAccess = null;
506         try {
507             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
508             target = lookup.in(defc).findStatic(defc, name, type);
509         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
510             noAccess = ex;
511             if (name.contains("bogus"))
512                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof NoSuchMethodException);
513             else
514                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
515         }
516         if (verbosity >= 3)
517             System.out.println("findStatic "+lookup+": "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
518                     +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
519         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
520         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
521         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
522         assertEquals(type, target.type());
523         assertNameStringContains(target, name);
524         if (!DO_MORE_CALLS && lookup != PRIVATE)  return;
525         Object[] args = randomArgs(params);
526         printCalled(target, name, args);
527         target.invokeWithArguments(args);
528         assertCalled(name, args);
529         if (verbosity >= 1)
530             System.out.print(':');
531     }
532 
533     static final boolean DEBUG_METHOD_HANDLE_NAMES = Boolean.getBoolean("java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle.DEBUG_NAMES");
534 
535     // rough check of name string
536     static void assertNameStringContains(MethodHandle x, String s) {
537         if (!DEBUG_METHOD_HANDLE_NAMES) {
538             // ignore s
539             assertEquals("MethodHandle"+x.type(), x.toString());
540             return;
541         }
542         if (x.toString().contains(s))  return;
543         assertEquals(s, x);
544     }
545 
546     @Test
547     public void testFindVirtual() throws Throwable {
548         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
549         startTest("findVirtual");
550         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "v0");
551         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
552         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "pri_v0");
553         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v1", Object.class);
554         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, Object.class);
555         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, int.class);
556         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, Object.class);
557         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
558         testFindVirtual(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
559         // test dispatch
560         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,      SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
561         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,         Example.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
562         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,      IntExample.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
563         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,      SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/pkg_v0");
564         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,         Example.class, void.class, "Sub/pkg_v0");
565         testFindVirtual(Example.class,         IntExample.class, void.class, "v0");
566         testFindVirtual(IntExample.Impl.class, IntExample.class, void.class, "Int/v0");
567     }
568 
569     void testFindVirtual(Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
570         Class<?> rcvc = defc;
571         testFindVirtual(rcvc, defc, ret, name, params);
572     }
573     void testFindVirtual(Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
574         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
575             testFindVirtual((Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], rcvc, defc, ret, name, params);
576         }
577     }
578     void testFindVirtual(Lookup lookup, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
579         testFindVirtual(true, lookup, rcvc, defc, ret, name, params);
580     }
581     void testFindVirtual(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
582         countTest(positive);
583         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
584         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
585         MethodHandle target = null;
586         Exception noAccess = null;
587         try {
588             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
589             target = lookup.in(defc).findVirtual(defc, methodName, type);
590         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
591             noAccess = ex;
592             if (name.contains("bogus"))
593                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof NoSuchMethodException);
594             else
595                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
596         }
597         if (verbosity >= 3)
598             System.out.println("findVirtual "+lookup+": "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
599                     +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
600         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
601         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
602         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
603         Class<?>[] paramsWithSelf = cat(array(Class[].class, (Class)defc), params);
604         MethodType typeWithSelf = MethodType.methodType(ret, paramsWithSelf);
605         assertEquals(typeWithSelf, target.type());
606         assertNameStringContains(target, methodName);
607         if (!DO_MORE_CALLS && lookup != PRIVATE)  return;
608         Object[] argsWithSelf = randomArgs(paramsWithSelf);
609         if (rcvc != defc)  argsWithSelf[0] = randomArg(rcvc);
610         printCalled(target, name, argsWithSelf);
611         target.invokeWithArguments(argsWithSelf);
612         assertCalled(name, argsWithSelf);
613         if (verbosity >= 1)
614             System.out.print(':');
615     }
616 
617     @Test
618     public void testFindSpecial() throws Throwable {
619         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
620         startTest("findSpecial");
621         testFindSpecial(SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "v0");
622         testFindSpecial(SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
623         // Do some negative testing:
624         testFindSpecial(false, EXAMPLE, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
625         testFindSpecial(false, PRIVATE, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
626         for (Lookup lookup : new Lookup[]{ PRIVATE, EXAMPLE, PACKAGE, PUBLIC }) {
627             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, Object.class, Example.class, void.class, "v0");
628             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", int.class);
629             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "s0");
630         }
631     }
632 
633     void testFindSpecial(Class<?> specialCaller,
634                          Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
635         testFindSpecial(true,  EXAMPLE, specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
636         testFindSpecial(true,  PRIVATE, specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
637         testFindSpecial(false, PACKAGE, specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
638         testFindSpecial(false, PUBLIC,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
639     }
640     void testFindSpecial(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> specialCaller,
641                          Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
642         countTest(positive);
643         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
644         MethodHandle target = null;
645         Exception noAccess = null;
646         try {
647             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
648             if (verbosity >= 5)  System.out.println("  lookup => "+lookup.in(specialCaller));
649             target = lookup.in(specialCaller).findSpecial(defc, name, type, specialCaller);
650         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
651             noAccess = ex;
652             if (name.contains("bogus"))
653                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof NoSuchMethodException);
654             else
655                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
656         }
657         if (verbosity >= 3)
658             System.out.println("findSpecial from "+specialCaller.getName()+" to "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
659                                +(target == null ? "" : target.type())
660                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
661         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
662         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
663         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
664         assertEquals(specialCaller, target.type().parameterType(0));
665         assertEquals(type,          target.type().dropParameterTypes(0,1));
666         Class<?>[] paramsWithSelf = cat(array(Class[].class, (Class)specialCaller), params);
667         MethodType typeWithSelf = MethodType.methodType(ret, paramsWithSelf);
668         assertNameStringContains(target, name);
669         if (!DO_MORE_CALLS && lookup != PRIVATE && lookup != EXAMPLE)  return;
670         Object[] args = randomArgs(paramsWithSelf);
671         printCalled(target, name, args);
672         target.invokeWithArguments(args);
673         assertCalled(name, args);
674     }
675 
676     @Test
677     public void testBind() throws Throwable {
678         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
679         startTest("bind");
680         testBind(Example.class, void.class, "v0");
681         testBind(Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
682         testBind(Example.class, void.class, "pri_v0");
683         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v1", Object.class);
684         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, Object.class);
685         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, int.class);
686         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, Object.class);
687         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
688         testBind(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
689         testBind(SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
690         testBind(SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/pkg_v0");
691         testBind(IntExample.Impl.class, void.class, "Int/v0");
692     }
693 
694     void testBind(Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
695         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
696             testBind((Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, ret, name, params);
697         }
698     }
699 
700     void testBind(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
701         countTest(positive);
702         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
703         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
704         Object receiver = randomArg(defc);
705         MethodHandle target = null;
706         Exception noAccess = null;
707         try {
708             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
709             target = lookup.in(defc).bind(receiver, methodName, type);
710         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
711             noAccess = ex;
712             if (name.contains("bogus"))
713                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof NoSuchMethodException);
714             else
715                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
716         }
717         if (verbosity >= 3)
718             System.out.println("bind "+receiver+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
719                     +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
720         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
721         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
722         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
723         assertEquals(type, target.type());
724         Object[] args = randomArgs(params);
725         printCalled(target, name, args);
726         target.invokeWithArguments(args);
727         Object[] argsWithReceiver = cat(array(Object[].class, receiver), args);
728         assertCalled(name, argsWithReceiver);
729         if (verbosity >= 1)
730             System.out.print(':');
731     }
732 
733     @Test
734     public void testUnreflect() throws Throwable {
735         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
736         startTest("unreflect");
737         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "s0");
738         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "pkg_s0");
739         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "pri_s0");
740 
741         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s1", Object.class);
742         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s2", int.class);
743         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s3", long.class);
744         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s4", int.class, int.class);
745         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s5", long.class, int.class);
746         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s6", int.class, long.class);
747 
748         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, void.class, "v0");
749         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, void.class, "pkg_v0");
750         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, void.class, "pri_v0");
751         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v1", Object.class);
752         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, Object.class);
753         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, int.class);
754         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", int.class, Object.class);
755         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
756     }
757 
758     void testUnreflect(Class<?> defc, boolean isStatic, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
759         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
760             testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(null, (Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, (isStatic ? null : defc), ret, name, params);
761         }
762     }
763     void testUnreflect(Class<?> defc, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
764         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
765             testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(null, (Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, rcvc, ret, name, params);
766         }
767     }
768     void testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(Class<?> specialCaller,
769                                    boolean positive, Lookup lookup,
770                                    Class<?> defc, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
771         countTest(positive);
772         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
773         Method rmethod = defc.getDeclaredMethod(name, params);
774         MethodHandle target = null;
775         Exception noAccess = null;
776         boolean isStatic = (rcvc == null);
777         boolean isSpecial = (specialCaller != null);
778         try {
779             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
780             if (isSpecial)
781                 target = lookup.in(specialCaller).unreflectSpecial(rmethod, specialCaller);
782             else
783                 target = lookup.in(defc).unreflect(rmethod);
784         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
785             noAccess = ex;
786             if (name.contains("bogus"))
787                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof NoSuchMethodException);
788             else
789                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
790         }
791         if (verbosity >= 3)
792             System.out.println("unreflect"+(isSpecial?"Special":"")+" "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type
793                                +(!isSpecial ? "" : " specialCaller="+specialCaller)
794                                +( isStatic  ? "" : " receiver="+rcvc)
795                                +" => "+target
796                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
797         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
798         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
799         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
800         assertEquals(isStatic, Modifier.isStatic(rmethod.getModifiers()));
801         Class<?>[] paramsMaybeWithSelf = params;
802         if (!isStatic) {
803             paramsMaybeWithSelf = cat(array(Class[].class, (Class)rcvc), params);
804         }
805         MethodType typeMaybeWithSelf = MethodType.methodType(ret, paramsMaybeWithSelf);
806         if (isStatic) {
807             assertEquals(typeMaybeWithSelf, target.type());
808         } else {
809             if (isSpecial)
810                 assertEquals(specialCaller, target.type().parameterType(0));
811             else
812                 assertEquals(defc, target.type().parameterType(0));
813             assertEquals(typeMaybeWithSelf, target.type().changeParameterType(0, rcvc));
814         }
815         Object[] argsMaybeWithSelf = randomArgs(paramsMaybeWithSelf);
816         printCalled(target, name, argsMaybeWithSelf);
817         target.invokeWithArguments(argsMaybeWithSelf);
818         assertCalled(name, argsMaybeWithSelf);
819         if (verbosity >= 1)
820             System.out.print(':');
821     }
822 
823     void testUnreflectSpecial(Class<?> defc, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
824         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name, true)) {
825             Class<?> specialCaller = rcvc;
826             testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(specialCaller, (Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, rcvc, ret, name, params);
827         }
828     }
829 
830     @Test
831     public void testUnreflectSpecial() throws Throwable {
832         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
833         startTest("unreflectSpecial");
834         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class,    Example.class, void.class, "v0");
835         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class, SubExample.class, void.class, "v0");
836         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class,    Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
837         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class, SubExample.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
838         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class,    Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
839         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class, SubExample.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
840         testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(Example.class, false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "s0");
841     }
842 
843     public static class HasFields {
844         boolean fZ = false;
845         byte fB = (byte)'B';
846         short fS = (short)'S';
847         char fC = 'C';
848         int fI = 'I';
849         long fJ = 'J';
850         float fF = 'F';
851         double fD = 'D';
852         static boolean sZ = true;
853         static byte sB = 1+(byte)'B';
854         static short sS = 1+(short)'S';
855         static char sC = 1+'C';
856         static int sI = 1+'I';
857         static long sJ = 1+'J';
858         static float sF = 1+'F';
859         static double sD = 1+'D';
860 
861         Object fL = 'L';
862         String fR = "R";
863         static Object sL = 'M';
864         static String sR = "S";
865 
866         static final Object[][] CASES;
867         static {
868             ArrayList<Object[]> cases = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
869             Object types[][] = {
870                 {'L',Object.class}, {'R',String.class},
871                 {'I',int.class}, {'J',long.class},
872                 {'F',float.class}, {'D',double.class},
873                 {'Z',boolean.class}, {'B',byte.class},
874                 {'S',short.class}, {'C',char.class},
875             };
876             HasFields fields = new HasFields();
877             for (Object[] t : types) {
878                 for (int kind = 0; kind <= 1; kind++) {
879                     boolean isStatic = (kind != 0);
880                     char btc = (Character)t[0];
881                     String name = (isStatic ? "s" : "f") + btc;
882                     Class<?> type = (Class<?>) t[1];
883                     Object value;
884                     Field field;
885                         try {
886                         field = HasFields.class.getDeclaredField(name);
887                     } catch (Exception ex) {
888                         throw new InternalError("no field HasFields."+name);
889                     }
890                     try {
891                         value = field.get(fields);
892                     } catch (Exception ex) {
893                         throw new InternalError("cannot fetch field HasFields."+name);
894                     }
895                     if (type == float.class) {
896                         float v = 'F';
897                         if (isStatic)  v++;
898                         assertTrue(value.equals(v));
899                     }
900                     assertTrue(name.equals(field.getName()));
901                     assertTrue(type.equals(field.getType()));
902                     assertTrue(isStatic == (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())));
903                     cases.add(new Object[]{ field, value });
904                 }
905             }
906             cases.add(new Object[]{ new Object[]{ false, HasFields.class, "bogus_fD", double.class }, Error.class });
907             cases.add(new Object[]{ new Object[]{ true,  HasFields.class, "bogus_sL", Object.class }, Error.class });
908             CASES = cases.toArray(new Object[0][]);
909         }
910     }
911 
912     static final int TEST_UNREFLECT = 1, TEST_FIND_FIELD = 2, TEST_FIND_STATIC = 3, TEST_SETTER = 0x10;
913     static boolean testModeMatches(int testMode, boolean isStatic) {
914         switch (testMode) {
915         case TEST_FIND_STATIC:          return isStatic;
916         case TEST_FIND_FIELD:           return !isStatic;
917         case TEST_UNREFLECT:            return true;  // unreflect matches both
918         }
919         throw new InternalError("testMode="+testMode);
920     }
921 
922     @Test
923     public void testUnreflectGetter() throws Throwable {
924         startTest("unreflectGetter");
925         testGetter(TEST_UNREFLECT);
926     }
927     @Test
928     public void testFindGetter() throws Throwable {
929         startTest("findGetter");
930         testGetter(TEST_FIND_FIELD);
931     }
932     @Test
933     public void testFindStaticGetter() throws Throwable {
934         startTest("findStaticGetter");
935         testGetter(TEST_FIND_STATIC);
936     }
937     public void testGetter(int testMode) throws Throwable {
938         Lookup lookup = PRIVATE;  // FIXME: test more lookups than this one
939         for (Object[] c : HasFields.CASES) {
940             boolean positive = (c[1] != Error.class);
941             testGetter(positive, lookup, c[0], c[1], testMode);
942         }
943         testGetter(true, lookup,
944                    new Object[]{ true,  System.class, "out", java.io.PrintStream.class },
945                    System.out, testMode);
946         for (int isStaticN = 0; isStaticN <= 1; isStaticN++) {
947             testGetter(false, lookup,
948                        new Object[]{ (isStaticN != 0), System.class, "bogus", char.class },
949                        null, testMode);
950         }
951     }
952     public void testGetter(boolean positive, MethodHandles.Lookup lookup,
953                            Object fieldRef, Object value, int testMode) throws Throwable {
954         testAccessor(positive, lookup, fieldRef, value, testMode);
955     }
956 
957     public void testAccessor(boolean positive, MethodHandles.Lookup lookup,
958                              Object fieldRef, Object value, int testMode0) throws Throwable {
959         boolean isGetter = ((testMode0 & TEST_SETTER) == 0);
960         int testMode = testMode0 & ~TEST_SETTER;
961         boolean isStatic;
962         Class<?> fclass;
963         String   fname;
964         Class<?> ftype;
965         Field f = (fieldRef instanceof Field ? (Field)fieldRef : null);
966         if (f != null) {
967             isStatic = Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers());
968             fclass   = f.getDeclaringClass();
969             fname    = f.getName();
970             ftype    = f.getType();
971         } else {
972             Object[] scnt = (Object[]) fieldRef;
973             isStatic = (Boolean)  scnt[0];
974             fclass   = (Class<?>) scnt[1];
975             fname    = (String)   scnt[2];
976             ftype    = (Class<?>) scnt[3];
977             try {
978                 f = fclass.getDeclaredField(fname);
979             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
980                 f = null;
981             }
982         }
983         if (!testModeMatches(testMode, isStatic))  return;
984         if (f == null && testMode == TEST_UNREFLECT)  return;
985         countTest(positive);
986         MethodType expType;
987         if (isGetter)
988             expType = MethodType.methodType(ftype, HasFields.class);
989         else
990             expType = MethodType.methodType(void.class, HasFields.class, ftype);
991         if (isStatic)  expType = expType.dropParameterTypes(0, 1);
992         Exception noAccess = null;
993         MethodHandle mh;
994         try {
995             switch (testMode0) {
996             case TEST_UNREFLECT:   mh = lookup.unreflectGetter(f);                      break;
997             case TEST_FIND_FIELD:  mh = lookup.findGetter(fclass, fname, ftype);        break;
998             case TEST_FIND_STATIC: mh = lookup.findStaticGetter(fclass, fname, ftype);  break;
999             case TEST_SETTER|
1000                  TEST_UNREFLECT:   mh = lookup.unreflectSetter(f);                      break;
1001             case TEST_SETTER|
1002                  TEST_FIND_FIELD:  mh = lookup.findSetter(fclass, fname, ftype);        break;
1003             case TEST_SETTER|
1004                  TEST_FIND_STATIC: mh = lookup.findStaticSetter(fclass, fname, ftype);  break;
1005             default:
1006                 throw new InternalError("testMode="+testMode);
1007             }
1008         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
1009             mh = null;
1010             noAccess = ex;
1011             if (fname.contains("bogus"))
1012                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof NoSuchFieldException);
1013             else
1014                 assertTrue(noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
1015         }
1016         if (verbosity >= 3)
1017             System.out.println("find"+(isStatic?"Static":"")+(isGetter?"Getter":"Setter")+" "+fclass.getName()+"."+fname+"/"+ftype
1018                                +" => "+mh
1019                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
1020         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw new RuntimeException(noAccess);
1021         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, mh != null);
1022         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
1023         assertEquals((isStatic ? 0 : 1)+(isGetter ? 0 : 1), mh.type().parameterCount());
1024 
1025 
1026         assertSame(mh.type(), expType);
1027         assertNameStringContains(mh, fname);
1028         HasFields fields = new HasFields();
1029         Object sawValue;
1030         Class<?> vtype = ftype;
1031         if (ftype != int.class)  vtype = Object.class;
1032         if (isGetter) {
1033             mh = mh.asType(mh.type().generic()
1034                            .changeReturnType(vtype));
1035         } else {
1036             int last = mh.type().parameterCount() - 1;
1037             mh = mh.asType(mh.type().generic()
1038                            .changeReturnType(void.class)
1039                            .changeParameterType(last, vtype));
1040         }
1041         if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class) {
1042             assertEquals(f.get(fields), value);  // clean to start with
1043         }
1044         if (isGetter) {
1045             Object expValue = value;
1046             for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++) {
1047                 if (isStatic) {
1048                     if (ftype == int.class)
1049                         sawValue = (int) mh.invokeExact();  // do these exactly
1050                     else
1051                         sawValue = mh.invokeExact();
1052                 } else {
1053                     if (ftype == int.class)
1054                         sawValue = (int) mh.invokeExact((Object) fields);
1055                     else
1056                         sawValue = mh.invokeExact((Object) fields);
1057                 }
1058                 assertEquals(sawValue, expValue);
1059                 if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class
1060                     && !Modifier.isFinal(f.getModifiers())) {
1061                     Object random = randomArg(ftype);
1062                     f.set(fields, random);
1063                     expValue = random;
1064                 } else {
1065                     break;
1066                 }
1067             }
1068         } else {
1069             for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++) {
1070                 Object putValue = randomArg(ftype);
1071                 if (isStatic) {
1072                     if (ftype == int.class)
1073                         mh.invokeExact((int)putValue);  // do these exactly
1074                     else
1075                         mh.invokeExact(putValue);
1076                 } else {
1077                     if (ftype == int.class)
1078                         mh.invokeExact((Object) fields, (int)putValue);
1079                     else
1080                         mh.invokeExact((Object) fields, putValue);
1081                 }
1082                 if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class) {
1083                     assertEquals(f.get(fields), putValue);
1084                 }
1085             }
1086         }
1087         if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class) {
1088             f.set(fields, value);  // put it back
1089         }
1090     }
1091 
1092 
1093     @Test
1094     public void testUnreflectSetter() throws Throwable {
1095         startTest("unreflectSetter");
1096         testSetter(TEST_UNREFLECT);
1097     }
1098     @Test
1099     public void testFindSetter() throws Throwable {
1100         startTest("findSetter");
1101         testSetter(TEST_FIND_FIELD);
1102     }
1103     @Test
1104     public void testFindStaticSetter() throws Throwable {
1105         startTest("findStaticSetter");
1106         testSetter(TEST_FIND_STATIC);
1107     }
1108     public void testSetter(int testMode) throws Throwable {
1109         Lookup lookup = PRIVATE;  // FIXME: test more lookups than this one
1110         startTest("unreflectSetter");
1111         for (Object[] c : HasFields.CASES) {
1112             boolean positive = (c[1] != Error.class);
1113             testSetter(positive, lookup, c[0], c[1], testMode);
1114         }
1115         for (int isStaticN = 0; isStaticN <= 1; isStaticN++) {
1116             testSetter(false, lookup,
1117                        new Object[]{ (isStaticN != 0), System.class, "bogus", char.class },
1118                        null, testMode);
1119         }
1120     }
1121     public void testSetter(boolean positive, MethodHandles.Lookup lookup,
1122                            Object fieldRef, Object value, int testMode) throws Throwable {
1123         testAccessor(positive, lookup, fieldRef, value, testMode | TEST_SETTER);
1124     }
1125 
1126     @Test
1127     public void testArrayElementGetter() throws Throwable {
1128         startTest("arrayElementGetter");
1129         testArrayElementGetterSetter(false);
1130     }
1131 
1132     @Test
1133     public void testArrayElementSetter() throws Throwable {
1134         startTest("arrayElementSetter");
1135         testArrayElementGetterSetter(true);
1136     }
1137 
1138     public void testArrayElementGetterSetter(boolean testSetter) throws Throwable {
1139         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new Object[10], testSetter);
1140         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new String[10], testSetter);
1141         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new boolean[10], testSetter);
1142         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new byte[10], testSetter);
1143         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new char[10], testSetter);
1144         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new short[10], testSetter);
1145         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new int[10], testSetter);
1146         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new float[10], testSetter);
1147         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new long[10], testSetter);
1148         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new double[10], testSetter);
1149     }
1150 
1151     public void testArrayElementGetterSetter(Object array, boolean testSetter) throws Throwable {
1152         countTest(true);
1153         if (verbosity >= 2)  System.out.println("array type = "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getName()+"["+Array.getLength(array)+"]");
1154         Class<?> arrayType = array.getClass();
1155         Class<?> elemType = arrayType.getComponentType();
1156         MethodType expType = !testSetter
1157                 ? MethodType.methodType(elemType,   arrayType, int.class)
1158                 : MethodType.methodType(void.class, arrayType, int.class, elemType);
1159         MethodHandle mh = !testSetter
1160                 ? MethodHandles.arrayElementGetter(arrayType)
1161                 : MethodHandles.arrayElementSetter(arrayType);
1162         assertSame(mh.type(), expType);
1163         if (elemType != int.class && elemType != boolean.class) {
1164             // FIXME: change Integer.class and (Integer) below to int.class and (int) below.
1165             MethodType gtype = mh.type().generic().changeParameterType(1, Integer.class);
1166             if (testSetter)  gtype = gtype.changeReturnType(void.class);
1167             mh = mh.asType(gtype);
1168         }
1169         Object sawValue, expValue;
1170         List<Object> model = array2list(array);
1171         int length = Array.getLength(array);
1172         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1173             // update array element
1174             Object random = randomArg(elemType);
1175             model.set(i, random);
1176             if (testSetter) {
1177                 if (elemType == int.class)
1178                     mh.invokeExact((int[]) array, i, (int)random);
1179                 else if (elemType == boolean.class)
1180                     mh.invokeExact((boolean[]) array, i, (boolean)random);
1181                 else
1182                     mh.invokeExact(array, (Integer)i, random);
1183                 assertEquals(model, array2list(array));
1184             } else {
1185                 Array.set(array, i, random);
1186             }
1187             if (verbosity >= 5) {
1188                 List<Object> array2list = array2list(array);
1189                 System.out.println("a["+i+"]="+random+" => "+array2list);
1190                 if (!array2list.equals(model))
1191                     System.out.println("***   != "+model);
1192             }
1193             // observe array element
1194             sawValue = Array.get(array, i);
1195             if (!testSetter) {
1196                 expValue = sawValue;
1197                 if (elemType == int.class)
1198                     sawValue = (int) mh.invokeExact((int[]) array, i);
1199                 else if (elemType == boolean.class)
1200                     sawValue = (boolean) mh.invokeExact((boolean[]) array, i);
1201                 else
1202                     sawValue = mh.invokeExact(array, (Integer)i);
1203                 assertEquals(sawValue, expValue);
1204                 assertEquals(model, array2list(array));
1205             }
1206         }
1207     }
1208 
1209     List<Object> array2list(Object array) {
1210         int length = Array.getLength(array);
1211         ArrayList<Object> model = new ArrayList<Object>(length);
1212         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
1213             model.add(Array.get(array, i));
1214         return model;
1215     }
1216 
1217     static class Callee {
1218         static Object id() { return called("id"); }
1219         static Object id(Object x) { return called("id", x); }
1220         static Object id(Object x, Object y) { return called("id", x, y); }
1221         static Object id(Object x, Object y, Object z) { return called("id", x, y, z); }
1222         static Object id(Object... vx) { return called("id", vx); }
1223         static MethodHandle ofType(int n) {
1224             return ofType(Object.class, n);
1225         }
1226         static MethodHandle ofType(Class<?> rtype, int n) {
1227             if (n == -1)
1228                 return ofType(MethodType.methodType(rtype, Object[].class));
1229             return ofType(MethodType.genericMethodType(n).changeReturnType(rtype));
1230         }
1231         static MethodHandle ofType(Class<?> rtype, Class<?>... ptypes) {
1232             return ofType(MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes));
1233         }
1234         static MethodHandle ofType(MethodType type) {
1235             Class<?> rtype = type.returnType();
1236             String pfx = "";
1237             if (rtype != Object.class)
1238                 pfx = rtype.getSimpleName().substring(0, 1).toLowerCase();
1239             String name = pfx+"id";
1240             try {
1241                 return PRIVATE.findStatic(Callee.class, name, type);
1242             } catch (Exception ex) {
1243                 throw new RuntimeException(ex);
1244             }
1245         }
1246     }
1247 
1248     @Test
1249     public void testConvertArguments() throws Throwable {
1250         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1251         startTest("convertArguments");
1252         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", int.class);
1253         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", String.class);
1254         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", Integer.class);
1255         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", short.class);
1256         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", char.class);
1257         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", byte.class);
1258     }
1259 
1260     void testConvert(MethodHandle id, Class<?> rtype, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
1261         testConvert(true, id, rtype, name, params);
1262     }
1263 
1264     void testConvert(boolean positive,
1265                      MethodHandle id, Class<?> rtype, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
1266         countTest(positive);
1267         MethodType idType = id.type();
1268         if (rtype == null)  rtype = idType.returnType();
1269         for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
1270             if (params[i] == null)  params[i] = idType.parameterType(i);
1271         }
1272         // simulate the pairwise conversion
1273         MethodType newType = MethodType.methodType(rtype, params);
1274         Object[] args = randomArgs(newType.parameterArray());
1275         Object[] convArgs = args.clone();
1276         for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
1277             Class<?> src = newType.parameterType(i);
1278             Class<?> dst = idType.parameterType(i);
1279             if (src != dst)
1280                 convArgs[i] = castToWrapper(convArgs[i], dst);
1281         }
1282         Object convResult = id.invokeWithArguments(convArgs);
1283         {
1284             Class<?> dst = newType.returnType();
1285             Class<?> src = idType.returnType();
1286             if (src != dst)
1287                 convResult = castToWrapper(convResult, dst);
1288         }
1289         MethodHandle target = null;
1290         RuntimeException error = null;
1291         try {
1292             target = id.asType(newType);
1293         } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
1294             error = ex;
1295         }
1296         if (verbosity >= 3)
1297             System.out.println("convert "+id+ " to "+newType+" => "+target
1298                     +(error == null ? "" : " !! "+error));
1299         if (positive && error != null)  throw error;
1300         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
1301         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
1302         assertEquals(newType, target.type());
1303         printCalled(target, id.toString(), args);
1304         Object result = target.invokeWithArguments(args);
1305         assertCalled(name, convArgs);
1306         assertEquals(convResult, result);
1307         if (verbosity >= 1)
1308             System.out.print(':');
1309     }
1310 
1311     @Test
1312     public void testVarargsCollector() throws Throwable {
1313         MethodHandle vac0 = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "called",
1314                                MethodType.methodType(Object.class, String.class, Object[].class));
1315         vac0 = vac0.bindTo("vac");
1316         MethodHandle vac = vac0.asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
1317         testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(0)), null, "vac");
1318         testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(0)), null, "vac");
1319         for (Class<?> at : new Class[] { Object.class, String.class, Integer.class }) {
1320             testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1)), null, "vac", at);
1321             testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(2)), null, "vac", at, at);
1322         }
1323     }
1324 
1325     @Test
1326     public void testPermuteArguments() throws Throwable {
1327         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1328         startTest("permuteArguments");
1329         testPermuteArguments(4, Integer.class,  2, String.class,  0);
1330         testPermuteArguments(6, Integer.class,  0, null,         30);
1331         //testPermuteArguments(4, Integer.class,  2, long.class,    6);  // FIXME Fail_7
1332     }
1333     public void testPermuteArguments(int max, Class<?> type1, int t2c, Class<?> type2, int dilution) throws Throwable {
1334         if (verbosity >= 2)
1335             System.out.println("permuteArguments "+max+"*"+type1.getName()
1336                     +(t2c==0?"":"/"+t2c+"*"+type2.getName())
1337                     +(dilution > 0 ? " with dilution "+dilution : ""));
1338         int t2pos = t2c == 0 ? 0 : 1;
1339         for (int inargs = t2pos+1; inargs <= max; inargs++) {
1340             Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[inargs];
1341             Arrays.fill(types, type1);
1342             if (t2c != 0) {
1343                 // Fill in a middle range with type2:
1344                 Arrays.fill(types, t2pos, Math.min(t2pos+t2c, inargs), type2);
1345             }
1346             Object[] args = randomArgs(types);
1347             int numcases = 1;
1348             for (int outargs = 0; outargs <= max; outargs++) {
1349                 if (outargs - inargs >= MAX_ARG_INCREASE)  continue;
1350                 int casStep = dilution + 1;
1351                 // Avoid some common factors:
1352                 while ((casStep > 2 && casStep % 2 == 0 && inargs % 2 == 0) ||
1353                        (casStep > 3 && casStep % 3 == 0 && inargs % 3 == 0))
1354                     casStep++;
1355                 testPermuteArguments(args, types, outargs, numcases, casStep);
1356                 numcases *= inargs;
1357                 if (dilution > 10 && outargs >= 4) {
1358                     int[] reorder = new int[outargs];
1359                     // Do some special patterns, which we probably missed.
1360                     // Replication of a single argument or argument pair.
1361                     for (int i = 0; i < inargs; i++) {
1362                         Arrays.fill(reorder, i);
1363                         testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1364                         for (int d = 1; d <= 2; d++) {
1365                             if (i + d >= inargs)  continue;
1366                             for (int j = 1; j < outargs; j += 2)
1367                                 reorder[j] += 1;
1368                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1369                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reverse(reorder));
1370                         }
1371                     }
1372                     // Repetition of a sequence of 3 or more arguments.
1373                     for (int i = 1; i < inargs; i++) {
1374                         for (int len = 3; len <= inargs; len++) {
1375                             for (int j = 0; j < outargs; j++)
1376                                 reorder[j] = (i + (j % len)) % inargs;
1377                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1378                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reverse(reorder));
1379                         }
1380                     }
1381                 }
1382             }
1383         }
1384     }
1385 
1386     public void testPermuteArguments(Object[] args, Class<?>[] types,
1387                                      int outargs, int numcases, int casStep) throws Throwable {
1388         int inargs = args.length;
1389         int[] reorder = new int[outargs];
1390         for (int cas = 0; cas < numcases; cas += casStep) {
1391             for (int i = 0, c = cas; i < outargs; i++) {
1392                 reorder[i] = c % inargs;
1393                 c /= inargs;
1394             }
1395             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1396         }
1397     }
1398 
1399     static int[] reverse(int[] reorder) {
1400         reorder = reorder.clone();
1401         for (int i = 0, imax = reorder.length / 2; i < imax; i++) {
1402             int j = reorder.length - 1 - i;
1403             int tem = reorder[i];
1404             reorder[i] = reorder[j];
1405             reorder[j] = tem;
1406         }
1407         return reorder;
1408     }
1409 
1410     void testPermuteArguments(Object[] args, Class<?>[] types, int[] reorder) throws Throwable {
1411         countTest();
1412         if (args == null && types == null) {
1413             int max = 0;
1414             for (int j : reorder) {
1415                 if (max < j)  max = j;
1416             }
1417             args = randomArgs(max+1, Integer.class);
1418         }
1419         if (args == null) {
1420             args = randomArgs(types);
1421         }
1422         if (types == null) {
1423             types = new Class<?>[args.length];
1424             for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
1425                 types[i] = args[i].getClass();
1426         }
1427         int inargs = args.length, outargs = reorder.length;
1428         assertTrue(inargs == types.length);
1429         if (verbosity >= 3)
1430             System.out.println("permuteArguments "+Arrays.toString(reorder));
1431         Object[] permArgs = new Object[outargs];
1432         Class<?>[] permTypes = new Class<?>[outargs];
1433         for (int i = 0; i < outargs; i++) {
1434             permArgs[i] = args[reorder[i]];
1435             permTypes[i] = types[reorder[i]];
1436         }
1437         if (verbosity >= 4) {
1438             System.out.println("in args:   "+Arrays.asList(args));
1439             System.out.println("out args:  "+Arrays.asList(permArgs));
1440             System.out.println("in types:  "+Arrays.asList(types));
1441             System.out.println("out types: "+Arrays.asList(permTypes));
1442         }
1443         MethodType inType  = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, types);
1444         MethodType outType = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, permTypes);
1445         MethodHandle target = varargsList(outargs).asType(outType);
1446         MethodHandle newTarget = MethodHandles.permuteArguments(target, inType, reorder);
1447         if (verbosity >= 5)  System.out.println("newTarget = "+newTarget);
1448         Object result = newTarget.invokeWithArguments(args);
1449         Object expected = Arrays.asList(permArgs);
1450         if (!expected.equals(result)) {
1451             System.out.println("*** failed permuteArguments "+Arrays.toString(reorder)+" types="+Arrays.asList(types));
1452             System.out.println("in args:   "+Arrays.asList(args));
1453             System.out.println("out args:  "+expected);
1454             System.out.println("bad args:  "+result);
1455         }
1456         assertEquals(expected, result);
1457     }
1458 
1459 
1460     @Test
1461     public void testSpreadArguments() throws Throwable {
1462         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1463         startTest("spreadArguments");
1464         for (Class<?> argType : new Class[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
1465             if (verbosity >= 3)
1466                 System.out.println("spreadArguments "+argType);
1467             // FIXME: enable _adapter_spread_args and fix Fail_2
1468             for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 10; nargs++) {
1469                 if (argType == int.class && nargs >= 6)  continue; // FIXME Fail_1
1470                 for (int pos = 0; pos < nargs; pos++) {
1471                     if (argType == int.class && pos > 0)  continue; // FIXME Fail_3
1472                      testSpreadArguments(argType, pos, nargs);
1473                 }
1474             }
1475         }
1476     }
1477     public void testSpreadArguments(Class<?> argType, int pos, int nargs) throws Throwable {
1478         countTest();
1479         Class<?> arrayType = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(argType, 0).getClass();
1480         MethodHandle target2 = varargsArray(arrayType, nargs);
1481         MethodHandle target = target2.asType(target2.type().generic());
1482         if (verbosity >= 3)
1483             System.out.println("spread into "+target2+" ["+pos+".."+nargs+"]");
1484         Object[] args = randomArgs(target2.type().parameterArray());
1485         // make sure the target does what we think it does:
1486         if (pos == 0 && nargs < 5 && !argType.isPrimitive()) {
1487             Object[] check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeWithArguments(args);
1488             assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1489             switch (nargs) {
1490                 case 0:
1491                     check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeExact();
1492                     assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1493                     break;
1494                 case 1:
1495                     check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeExact(args[0]);
1496                     assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1497                     break;
1498                 case 2:
1499                     check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeExact(args[0], args[1]);
1500                     assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1501                     break;
1502             }
1503         }
1504         List<Class<?>> newParams = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(target2.type().parameterList());
1505         {   // modify newParams in place
1506             List<Class<?>> spreadParams = newParams.subList(pos, nargs);
1507             spreadParams.clear(); spreadParams.add(arrayType);
1508         }
1509         MethodType newType = MethodType.methodType(arrayType, newParams);
1510         MethodHandle result = target2.asSpreader(arrayType, nargs-pos);
1511         assert(result.type() == newType) : Arrays.asList(result, newType);
1512         result = result.asType(newType.generic());
1513         Object returnValue;
1514         if (pos == 0) {
1515             Object args2 = ValueConversions.changeArrayType(arrayType, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, args.length));
1516             returnValue = result.invokeExact(args2);
1517         } else {
1518             Object[] args1 = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 0, pos+1);
1519             args1[pos] = ValueConversions.changeArrayType(arrayType, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, args.length));
1520             returnValue = result.invokeWithArguments(args1);
1521         }
1522         String argstr = Arrays.toString(args);
1523         if (!argType.isPrimitive()) {
1524             Object[] rv = (Object[]) returnValue;
1525             String rvs = Arrays.toString(rv);
1526             if (!Arrays.equals(args, rv)) {
1527                 System.out.println("method:   "+result);
1528                 System.out.println("expected: "+argstr);
1529                 System.out.println("returned: "+rvs);
1530                 assertArrayEquals(args, rv);
1531             }
1532         } else if (argType == int.class) {
1533             String rvs = Arrays.toString((int[]) returnValue);
1534             if (!argstr.equals(rvs)) {
1535                 System.out.println("method:   "+result);
1536                 System.out.println("expected: "+argstr);
1537                 System.out.println("returned: "+rvs);
1538                 assertEquals(argstr, rvs);
1539             }
1540         } else if (argType == long.class) {
1541             String rvs = Arrays.toString((long[]) returnValue);
1542             if (!argstr.equals(rvs)) {
1543                 System.out.println("method:   "+result);
1544                 System.out.println("expected: "+argstr);
1545                 System.out.println("returned: "+rvs);
1546                 assertEquals(argstr, rvs);
1547             }
1548         } else {
1549             // cannot test...
1550         }
1551     }
1552 
1553     @Test
1554     public void testCollectArguments() throws Throwable {
1555         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1556         startTest("collectArguments");
1557         for (Class<?> argType : new Class[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
1558             if (verbosity >= 3)
1559                 System.out.println("collectArguments "+argType);
1560             for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 10; nargs++) {
1561                 for (int pos = 0; pos < nargs; pos++) {
1562                     if (argType == int.class)  continue; // FIXME Fail_4
1563                     testCollectArguments(argType, pos, nargs);
1564                 }
1565             }
1566         }
1567     }
1568     public void testCollectArguments(Class<?> argType, int pos, int nargs) throws Throwable {
1569         countTest();
1570         // fake up a MH with the same type as the desired adapter:
1571         MethodHandle fake = varargsArray(nargs);
1572         fake = changeArgTypes(fake, argType);
1573         MethodType newType = fake.type();
1574         Object[] args = randomArgs(newType.parameterArray());
1575         // here is what should happen:
1576         Object[] collectedArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 0, pos+1);
1577         collectedArgs[pos] = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, args.length);
1578         // here is the MH which will witness the collected argument tail:
1579         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(pos+1);
1580         target = changeArgTypes(target, 0, pos, argType);
1581         target = changeArgTypes(target, pos, pos+1, Object[].class);
1582         if (verbosity >= 3)
1583             System.out.println("collect from "+Arrays.asList(args)+" ["+pos+".."+nargs+"]");
1584         MethodHandle result = target.asCollector(Object[].class, nargs-pos).asType(newType);
1585         Object[] returnValue = (Object[]) result.invokeWithArguments(args);
1586 //        assertTrue(returnValue.length == pos+1 && returnValue[pos] instanceof Object[]);
1587 //        returnValue[pos] = Arrays.asList((Object[]) returnValue[pos]);
1588 //        collectedArgs[pos] = Arrays.asList((Object[]) collectedArgs[pos]);
1589         assertArrayEquals(collectedArgs, returnValue);
1590     }
1591 
1592     @Test
1593     public void testInsertArguments() throws Throwable {
1594         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1595         startTest("insertArguments");
1596         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 4; nargs++) {
1597             for (int ins = 0; ins <= 4; ins++) {
1598                 if (ins > MAX_ARG_INCREASE)  continue;  // FIXME Fail_6
1599                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
1600                     testInsertArguments(nargs, pos, ins);
1601                 }
1602             }
1603         }
1604     }
1605 
1606     void testInsertArguments(int nargs, int pos, int ins) throws Throwable {
1607         countTest();
1608         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(nargs + ins);
1609         Object[] args = randomArgs(target.type().parameterArray());
1610         List<Object> resList = Arrays.asList(args);
1611         List<Object> argsToPass = new ArrayList<Object>(resList);
1612         List<Object> argsToInsert = argsToPass.subList(pos, pos + ins);
1613         if (verbosity >= 3)
1614             System.out.println("insert: "+argsToInsert+" into "+target);
1615         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.insertArguments(target, pos,
1616                 (Object[]) argsToInsert.toArray());
1617         argsToInsert.clear();  // remove from argsToInsert
1618         Object res2 = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
1619         Object res2List = Arrays.asList((Object[])res2);
1620         if (verbosity >= 3)
1621             System.out.println("result: "+res2List);
1622         //if (!resList.equals(res2List))
1623         //    System.out.println("*** fail at n/p/i = "+nargs+"/"+pos+"/"+ins+": "+resList+" => "+res2List);
1624         assertEquals(resList, res2List);
1625     }
1626 
1627     @Test
1628     public void testFilterReturnValue() throws Throwable {
1629         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1630         startTest("filterReturnValue");
1631         Class<?> classOfVCList = varargsList(1).invokeWithArguments(0).getClass();
1632         assertTrue(List.class.isAssignableFrom(classOfVCList));
1633         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 3; nargs++) {
1634             for (Class<?> rtype : new Class[] { Object.class,
1635                                                 List.class,
1636                                                 int.class,
1637                                                 //byte.class, //FIXME: add this
1638                                                 //long.class, //FIXME: add this
1639                                                 CharSequence.class,
1640                                                 String.class }) {
1641                 testFilterReturnValue(nargs, rtype);
1642             }
1643         }
1644     }
1645 
1646     void testFilterReturnValue(int nargs, Class<?> rtype) throws Throwable {
1647         countTest();
1648         MethodHandle target = varargsList(nargs, rtype);
1649         MethodHandle filter;
1650         if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(rtype) || rtype.isAssignableFrom(List.class))
1651             filter = varargsList(1);  // add another layer of list-ness
1652         else
1653             filter = MethodHandles.identity(rtype);
1654         filter = filter.asType(MethodType.methodType(target.type().returnType(), rtype));
1655         Object[] argsToPass = randomArgs(nargs, Object.class);
1656         if (verbosity >= 3)
1657             System.out.println("filter "+target+" to "+rtype.getSimpleName()+" with "+filter);
1658         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(target, filter);
1659         if (verbosity >= 4)
1660             System.out.println("filtered target: "+target2);
1661         // Simulate expected effect of filter on return value:
1662         Object unfiltered = target.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
1663         Object expected = filter.invokeWithArguments(unfiltered);
1664         if (verbosity >= 4)
1665             System.out.println("unfiltered: "+unfiltered+" : "+unfiltered.getClass().getSimpleName());
1666         if (verbosity >= 4)
1667             System.out.println("expected: "+expected+" : "+expected.getClass().getSimpleName());
1668         Object result = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
1669         if (verbosity >= 3)
1670             System.out.println("result: "+result+" : "+result.getClass().getSimpleName());
1671         if (!expected.equals(result))
1672             System.out.println("*** fail at n/rt = "+nargs+"/"+rtype.getSimpleName()+": "+Arrays.asList(argsToPass)+" => "+result+" != "+expected);
1673         assertEquals(expected, result);
1674     }
1675 
1676     @Test
1677     public void testFilterArguments() throws Throwable {
1678         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1679         startTest("filterArguments");
1680         for (int nargs = 1; nargs <= 6; nargs++) {
1681             for (int pos = 0; pos < nargs; pos++) {
1682                 testFilterArguments(nargs, pos);
1683             }
1684         }
1685     }
1686 
1687     void testFilterArguments(int nargs, int pos) throws Throwable {
1688         countTest();
1689         MethodHandle target = varargsList(nargs);
1690         MethodHandle filter = varargsList(1);
1691         filter = filter.asType(filter.type().generic());
1692         Object[] argsToPass = randomArgs(nargs, Object.class);
1693         if (verbosity >= 3)
1694             System.out.println("filter "+target+" at "+pos+" with "+filter);
1695         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.filterArguments(target, pos, filter);
1696         // Simulate expected effect of filter on arglist:
1697         Object[] filteredArgs = argsToPass.clone();
1698         filteredArgs[pos] = filter.invokeExact(filteredArgs[pos]);
1699         List<Object> expected = Arrays.asList(filteredArgs);
1700         Object result = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
1701         if (verbosity >= 3)
1702             System.out.println("result: "+result);
1703         if (!expected.equals(result))
1704             System.out.println("*** fail at n/p = "+nargs+"/"+pos+": "+Arrays.asList(argsToPass)+" => "+result+" != "+expected);
1705         assertEquals(expected, result);
1706     }
1707 
1708     @Test
1709     public void testFoldArguments() throws Throwable {
1710         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1711         startTest("foldArguments");
1712         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 4; nargs++) {
1713             for (int fold = 0; fold <= nargs; fold++) {
1714                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
1715                     testFoldArguments(nargs, pos, fold);
1716                 }
1717             }
1718         }
1719     }
1720 
1721     void testFoldArguments(int nargs, int pos, int fold) throws Throwable {
1722         if (pos != 0)  return;  // can fold only at pos=0 for now
1723         countTest();
1724         MethodHandle target = varargsList(1 + nargs);
1725         MethodHandle combine = varargsList(fold).asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(fold));
1726         List<Object> argsToPass = Arrays.asList(randomArgs(nargs, Object.class));
1727         if (verbosity >= 3)
1728             System.out.println("fold "+target+" with "+combine);
1729         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.foldArguments(target, combine);
1730         // Simulate expected effect of combiner on arglist:
1731         List<Object> expected = new ArrayList<Object>(argsToPass);
1732         List<Object> argsToFold = expected.subList(pos, pos + fold);
1733         if (verbosity >= 3)
1734             System.out.println("fold: "+argsToFold+" into "+target2);
1735         Object foldedArgs = combine.invokeWithArguments(argsToFold);
1736         argsToFold.add(0, foldedArgs);
1737         Object result = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
1738         if (verbosity >= 3)
1739             System.out.println("result: "+result);
1740         if (!expected.equals(result))
1741             System.out.println("*** fail at n/p/f = "+nargs+"/"+pos+"/"+fold+": "+argsToPass+" => "+result+" != "+expected);
1742         assertEquals(expected, result);
1743     }
1744 
1745     @Test
1746     public void testDropArguments() throws Throwable {
1747         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1748         startTest("dropArguments");
1749         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 4; nargs++) {
1750             for (int drop = 1; drop <= 4; drop++) {
1751                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
1752                     testDropArguments(nargs, pos, drop);
1753                 }
1754             }
1755         }
1756     }
1757 
1758     void testDropArguments(int nargs, int pos, int drop) throws Throwable {
1759         countTest();
1760         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(nargs);
1761         Object[] args = randomArgs(target.type().parameterArray());
1762         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.dropArguments(target, pos,
1763                 Collections.nCopies(drop, Object.class).toArray(new Class[0]));
1764         List<Object> resList = Arrays.asList(args);
1765         List<Object> argsToDrop = new ArrayList<Object>(resList);
1766         for (int i = drop; i > 0; i--) {
1767             argsToDrop.add(pos, "blort#"+i);
1768         }
1769         Object res2 = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToDrop);
1770         Object res2List = Arrays.asList((Object[])res2);
1771         //if (!resList.equals(res2List))
1772         //    System.out.println("*** fail at n/p/d = "+nargs+"/"+pos+"/"+drop+": "+argsToDrop+" => "+res2List);
1773         assertEquals(resList, res2List);
1774     }
1775 
1776     @Test
1777     public void testInvokers() throws Throwable {
1778         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1779         startTest("exactInvoker, genericInvoker, varargsInvoker, dynamicInvoker");
1780         // exactInvoker, genericInvoker, varargsInvoker[0..N], dynamicInvoker
1781         Set<MethodType> done = new HashSet<MethodType>();
1782         for (int i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
1783             MethodType gtype = MethodType.genericMethodType(i);
1784             for (Class<?> argType : new Class[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
1785                 for (int j = -1; j < i; j++) {
1786                     MethodType type = gtype;
1787                     if (j < 0)
1788                         type = type.changeReturnType(argType);
1789                     else if (argType == void.class)
1790                         continue;
1791                     else
1792                         type = type.changeParameterType(j, argType);
1793                     if (argType.isPrimitive() && j != i-1)  continue; // FIXME Fail_5
1794                     if (done.add(type))
1795                         testInvokers(type);
1796                     MethodType vtype = type.changeReturnType(void.class);
1797                     if (done.add(vtype))
1798                         testInvokers(vtype);
1799                 }
1800             }
1801         }
1802     }
1803 
1804     public void testInvokers(MethodType type) throws Throwable {
1805         if (verbosity >= 3)
1806             System.out.println("test invokers for "+type);
1807         int nargs = type.parameterCount();
1808         boolean testRetCode = type.returnType() != void.class;
1809         MethodHandle target = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "invokee",
1810                                 MethodType.genericMethodType(0, true));
1811         assertTrue(target.isVarargsCollector());
1812         target = target.asType(type);
1813         Object[] args = randomArgs(type.parameterArray());
1814         List<Object> targetPlusArgs = new ArrayList<Object>(Arrays.asList(args));
1815         targetPlusArgs.add(0, target);
1816         int code = (Integer) invokee(args);
1817         Object log = logEntry("invokee", args);
1818         assertEquals(log.hashCode(), code);
1819         assertCalled("invokee", args);
1820         MethodHandle inv;
1821         Object result;
1822         // exact invoker
1823         countTest();
1824         calledLog.clear();
1825         inv = MethodHandles.exactInvoker(type);
1826         result = inv.invokeWithArguments(targetPlusArgs);
1827         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1828         assertCalled("invokee", args);
1829         // generic invoker
1830         countTest();
1831         inv = MethodHandles.invoker(type);
1832         if (nargs <= 3 && type == type.generic()) {
1833             calledLog.clear();
1834             switch (nargs) {
1835             case 0:
1836                 result = inv.invokeExact(target);
1837                 break;
1838             case 1:
1839                 result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0]);
1840                 break;
1841             case 2:
1842                 result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1]);
1843                 break;
1844             case 3:
1845                 result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
1846                 break;
1847             }
1848             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1849             assertCalled("invokee", args);
1850         }
1851         calledLog.clear();
1852         result = inv.invokeWithArguments(targetPlusArgs);
1853         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1854         assertCalled("invokee", args);
1855         // varargs invoker #0
1856         calledLog.clear();
1857         inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 0);
1858         if (type.returnType() == Object.class) {
1859             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args);
1860         } else if (type.returnType() == void.class) {
1861             result = null; inv.invokeExact(target, args);
1862         } else {
1863             result = inv.invokeWithArguments(target, (Object) args);
1864         }
1865         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1866         assertCalled("invokee", args);
1867         if (nargs >= 1 && type == type.generic()) {
1868             // varargs invoker #1
1869             calledLog.clear();
1870             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 1);
1871             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 1, nargs));
1872             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1873             assertCalled("invokee", args);
1874         }
1875         if (nargs >= 2 && type == type.generic()) {
1876             // varargs invoker #2
1877             calledLog.clear();
1878             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 2);
1879             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1], Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 2, nargs));
1880             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1881             assertCalled("invokee", args);
1882         }
1883         if (nargs >= 3 && type == type.generic()) {
1884             // varargs invoker #3
1885             calledLog.clear();
1886             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 3);
1887             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1], args[2], Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 3, nargs));
1888             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1889             assertCalled("invokee", args);
1890         }
1891         for (int k = 0; k <= nargs; k++) {
1892             // varargs invoker #0..N
1893             countTest();
1894             calledLog.clear();
1895             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, k);
1896             MethodType expType = (type.dropParameterTypes(k, nargs)
1897                                   .appendParameterTypes(Object[].class)
1898                                   .insertParameterTypes(0, MethodHandle.class));
1899             assertEquals(expType, inv.type());
1900             List<Object> targetPlusVarArgs = new ArrayList<Object>(targetPlusArgs);
1901             List<Object> tailList = targetPlusVarArgs.subList(1+k, 1+nargs);
1902             Object[] tail = tailList.toArray();
1903             tailList.clear(); tailList.add(tail);
1904             result = inv.invokeWithArguments(targetPlusVarArgs);
1905             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1906             assertCalled("invokee", args);
1907         }
1908 
1909         // dynamic invoker
1910         countTest();
1911         CallSite site = new MutableCallSite(type);
1912         inv = site.dynamicInvoker();
1913 
1914         // see if we get the result of the original target:
1915         try {
1916             result = inv.invokeWithArguments(args);
1917             assertTrue("should not reach here", false);
1918         } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
1919             String msg = ex.getMessage();
1920             assertTrue(msg, msg.contains("site"));
1921         }
1922 
1923         // set new target after invoker is created, to make sure we track target
1924         site.setTarget(target);
1925         calledLog.clear();
1926         result = inv.invokeWithArguments(args);
1927         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
1928         assertCalled("invokee", args);
1929     }
1930 
1931     static Object invokee(Object... args) {
1932         return called("invokee", args).hashCode();
1933     }
1934 
1935     private static final String MISSING_ARG = "missingArg";
1936     static Object targetIfEquals() {
1937         return called("targetIfEquals");
1938     }
1939     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals() {
1940         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals");
1941     }
1942     static Object targetIfEquals(Object x) {
1943         assertEquals(x, MISSING_ARG);
1944         return called("targetIfEquals", x);
1945     }
1946     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals(Object x) {
1947         assertFalse(x.toString(), x.equals(MISSING_ARG));
1948         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals", x);
1949     }
1950     static Object targetIfEquals(Object x, Object y) {
1951         assertEquals(x, y);
1952         return called("targetIfEquals", x, y);
1953     }
1954     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals(Object x, Object y) {
1955         assertFalse(x.toString(), x.equals(y));
1956         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals", x, y);
1957     }
1958     static Object targetIfEquals(Object x, Object y, Object z) {
1959         assertEquals(x, y);
1960         return called("targetIfEquals", x, y, z);
1961     }
1962     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals(Object x, Object y, Object z) {
1963         assertFalse(x.toString(), x.equals(y));
1964         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals", x, y, z);
1965     }
1966 
1967     @Test
1968     public void testGuardWithTest() throws Throwable {
1969         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1970         startTest("guardWithTest");
1971         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 3; nargs++) {
1972             if (nargs != 2)  continue;  // FIXME: test more later
1973             testGuardWithTest(nargs, Object.class);
1974             testGuardWithTest(nargs, String.class);
1975         }
1976     }
1977     void testGuardWithTest(int nargs, Class<?> argClass) throws Throwable {
1978         countTest();
1979         MethodHandle test = PRIVATE.findVirtual(Object.class, "equals", MethodType.methodType(boolean.class, Object.class));
1980         MethodHandle target = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "targetIfEquals", MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs));
1981         MethodHandle fallback = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "fallbackIfNotEquals", MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs));
1982         while (test.type().parameterCount() < nargs)
1983             test = MethodHandles.dropArguments(test, test.type().parameterCount()-1, Object.class);
1984         while (test.type().parameterCount() > nargs)
1985             test = MethodHandles.insertArguments(test, 0, MISSING_ARG);
1986         if (argClass != Object.class) {
1987             test = changeArgTypes(test, argClass);
1988             target = changeArgTypes(target, argClass);
1989             fallback = changeArgTypes(fallback, argClass);
1990         }
1991         MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.guardWithTest(test, target, fallback);
1992         assertEquals(target.type(), mh.type());
1993         Object[][] argLists = {
1994             { },
1995             { "foo" }, { MISSING_ARG },
1996             { "foo", "foo" }, { "foo", "bar" },
1997             { "foo", "foo", "baz" }, { "foo", "bar", "baz" }
1998         };
1999         for (Object[] argList : argLists) {
2000             if (argList.length != nargs)  continue;
2001             boolean equals;
2002             switch (nargs) {
2003             case 0:   equals = true; break;
2004             case 1:   equals = MISSING_ARG.equals(argList[0]); break;
2005             default:  equals = argList[0].equals(argList[1]); break;
2006             }
2007             String willCall = (equals ? "targetIfEquals" : "fallbackIfNotEquals");
2008             if (verbosity >= 3)
2009                 System.out.println(logEntry(willCall, argList));
2010             Object result = mh.invokeWithArguments(argList);
2011             assertCalled(willCall, argList);
2012         }
2013     }
2014 
2015     @Test
2016     public void testCatchException() throws Throwable {
2017         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2018         startTest("catchException");
2019         for (int nargs = 2; nargs <= 6; nargs++) {
2020             for (int ti = 0; ti <= 1; ti++) {
2021                 boolean throwIt = (ti != 0);
2022                 testCatchException(int.class, new ClassCastException("testing"), throwIt, nargs);
2023                 testCatchException(void.class, new java.io.IOException("testing"), throwIt, nargs);
2024                 testCatchException(String.class, new LinkageError("testing"), throwIt, nargs);
2025             }
2026         }
2027     }
2028 
2029     private static <T extends Throwable>
2030     Object throwOrReturn(Object normal, T exception) throws T {
2031         if (exception != null)  throw exception;
2032         return normal;
2033     }
2034 
2035     void testCatchException(Class<?> returnType, Throwable thrown, boolean throwIt, int nargs) throws Throwable {
2036         countTest();
2037         if (verbosity >= 3)
2038             System.out.println("catchException rt="+returnType+" throw="+throwIt+" nargs="+nargs);
2039         Class<? extends Throwable> exType = thrown.getClass();
2040         MethodHandle throwOrReturn
2041                 = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "throwOrReturn",
2042                     MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class, Throwable.class));
2043         MethodHandle thrower = throwOrReturn.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(2));
2044         while (thrower.type().parameterCount() < nargs)
2045             thrower = MethodHandles.dropArguments(thrower, thrower.type().parameterCount(), Object.class);
2046         MethodHandle catcher = varargsList(1+nargs).asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1+nargs));
2047         MethodHandle target = MethodHandles.catchException(thrower,
2048                 thrown.getClass(), catcher);
2049         assertEquals(thrower.type(), target.type());
2050         //System.out.println("catching with "+target+" : "+throwOrReturn);
2051         Object[] args = randomArgs(nargs, Object.class);
2052         args[1] = (throwIt ? thrown : null);
2053         Object returned = target.invokeWithArguments(args);
2054         //System.out.println("return from "+target+" : "+returned);
2055         if (!throwIt) {
2056             assertSame(args[0], returned);
2057         } else {
2058             List<Object> catchArgs = new ArrayList<Object>(Arrays.asList(args));
2059             catchArgs.add(0, thrown);
2060             assertEquals(catchArgs, returned);
2061         }
2062     }
2063 
2064     @Test
2065     public void testThrowException() throws Throwable {
2066         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2067         startTest("throwException");
2068         testThrowException(int.class, new ClassCastException("testing"));
2069         testThrowException(void.class, new java.io.IOException("testing"));
2070         testThrowException(String.class, new LinkageError("testing"));
2071     }
2072 
2073     void testThrowException(Class<?> returnType, Throwable thrown) throws Throwable {
2074         countTest();
2075         Class<? extends Throwable> exType = thrown.getClass();
2076         MethodHandle target = MethodHandles.throwException(returnType, exType);
2077         //System.out.println("throwing with "+target+" : "+thrown);
2078         MethodType expectedType = MethodType.methodType(returnType, exType);
2079         assertEquals(expectedType, target.type());
2080         target = target.asType(target.type().generic());
2081         Throwable caught = null;
2082         try {
2083             Object res = target.invokeExact((Object) thrown);
2084             fail("got "+res+" instead of throwing "+thrown);
2085         } catch (Throwable ex) {
2086             if (ex != thrown) {
2087                 if (ex instanceof Error)  throw (Error)ex;
2088                 if (ex instanceof RuntimeException)  throw (RuntimeException)ex;
2089             }
2090             caught = ex;
2091         }
2092         assertSame(thrown, caught);
2093     }
2094 
2095     @Test
2096     public void testCastFailure() throws Throwable {
2097         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2098         startTest("testCastFailure");
2099         testCastFailure("cast/argument", 11000);
2100         testCastFailure("unbox/argument", 11000);
2101         testCastFailure("cast/return", 11000);
2102         testCastFailure("unbox/return", 11000);
2103     }
2104 
2105     static class Surprise {
2106         public MethodHandle asMethodHandle() {
2107             return VALUE.bindTo(this);
2108         }
2109         Object value(Object x) {
2110             trace("value", x);
2111             if (boo != null)  return boo;
2112             return x;
2113         }
2114         Object boo;
2115         void boo(Object x) { boo = x; }
2116 
2117         static void trace(String x, Object y) {
2118             if (verbosity > 8) System.out.println(x+"="+y);
2119         }
2120         static Object  refIdentity(Object x)  { trace("ref.x", x); return x; }
2121         static Integer boxIdentity(Integer x) { trace("box.x", x); return x; }
2122         static int     intIdentity(int x)     { trace("int.x", x); return x; }
2123         static MethodHandle VALUE, REF_IDENTITY, BOX_IDENTITY, INT_IDENTITY;
2124         static {
2125             try {
2126                 VALUE = PRIVATE.findVirtual(
2127                     Surprise.class, "value",
2128                         MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class));
2129                 REF_IDENTITY = PRIVATE.findStatic(
2130                     Surprise.class, "refIdentity",
2131                         MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class));
2132                 BOX_IDENTITY = PRIVATE.findStatic(
2133                     Surprise.class, "boxIdentity",
2134                         MethodType.methodType(Integer.class, Integer.class));
2135                 INT_IDENTITY = PRIVATE.findStatic(
2136                     Surprise.class, "intIdentity",
2137                         MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class));
2138             } catch (Exception ex) {
2139                 throw new RuntimeException(ex);
2140             }
2141         }
2142     }
2143 
2144     void testCastFailure(String mode, int okCount) throws Throwable {
2145         countTest(false);
2146         if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println("mode="+mode);
2147         Surprise boo = new Surprise();
2148         MethodHandle identity = Surprise.REF_IDENTITY, surprise0 = boo.asMethodHandle(), surprise = surprise0;
2149         if (mode.endsWith("/return")) {
2150             if (mode.equals("unbox/return")) {
2151                 // fail on return to ((Integer)surprise).intValue
2152                 surprise = surprise.asType(MethodType.methodType(int.class, Object.class));
2153                 identity = identity.asType(MethodType.methodType(int.class, Object.class));
2154             } else if (mode.equals("cast/return")) {
2155                 // fail on return to (Integer)surprise
2156                 surprise = surprise.asType(MethodType.methodType(Integer.class, Object.class));
2157                 identity = identity.asType(MethodType.methodType(Integer.class, Object.class));
2158             }
2159         } else if (mode.endsWith("/argument")) {
2160             MethodHandle callee = null;
2161             if (mode.equals("unbox/argument")) {
2162                 // fail on handing surprise to int argument
2163                 callee = Surprise.INT_IDENTITY;
2164             } else if (mode.equals("cast/argument")) {
2165                 // fail on handing surprise to Integer argument
2166                 callee = Surprise.BOX_IDENTITY;
2167             }
2168             if (callee != null) {
2169                 callee = callee.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1));
2170                 surprise = MethodHandles.filterArguments(callee, 0, surprise);
2171                 identity = MethodHandles.filterArguments(callee, 0, identity);
2172             }
2173         }
2174         assertNotSame(mode, surprise, surprise0);
2175         identity = identity.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1));
2176         surprise = surprise.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1));
2177         Object x = 42;
2178         for (int i = 0; i < okCount; i++) {
2179             Object y = identity.invokeExact(x);
2180             assertEquals(x, y);
2181             Object z = surprise.invokeExact(x);
2182             assertEquals(x, z);
2183         }
2184         boo.boo("Boo!");
2185         Object y = identity.invokeExact(x);
2186         assertEquals(x, y);
2187         try {
2188             Object z = surprise.invokeExact(x);
2189             System.out.println("Failed to throw; got z="+z);
2190             assertTrue(false);
2191         } catch (ClassCastException ex) {
2192             if (verbosity > 2)
2193                 System.out.println("caught "+ex);
2194             if (verbosity > 3)
2195                 ex.printStackTrace();
2196             assertTrue(true);  // all is well
2197         }
2198     }
2199 
2200     static Example userMethod(Object o, String s, int i) {
2201         called("userMethod", o, s, i);
2202         return null;
2203     }
2204 
2205     @Test
2206     public void testUserClassInSignature() throws Throwable {
2207         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2208         startTest("testUserClassInSignature");
2209         Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
2210         String name; MethodType mt; MethodHandle mh;
2211         Object[] args;
2212 
2213         // Try a static method.
2214         name = "userMethod";
2215         mt = MethodType.methodType(Example.class, Object.class, String.class, int.class);
2216         mh = lookup.findStatic(lookup.lookupClass(), name, mt);
2217         assertEquals(mt, mh.type());
2218         assertEquals(Example.class, mh.type().returnType());
2219         args = randomArgs(mh.type().parameterArray());
2220         mh.invokeWithArguments(args);
2221         assertCalled(name, args);
2222 
2223         // Try a virtual method.
2224         name = "v2";
2225         mt = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class, int.class);
2226         mh = lookup.findVirtual(Example.class, name, mt);
2227         assertEquals(mt, mh.type().dropParameterTypes(0,1));
2228         assertTrue(mh.type().parameterList().contains(Example.class));
2229         args = randomArgs(mh.type().parameterArray());
2230         mh.invokeWithArguments(args);
2231         assertCalled(name, args);
2232     }
2233 
2234     static void runForRunnable() {
2235         called("runForRunnable");
2236     }
2237     private interface Fooable {
2238         Object foo(Fooable x, Object y);
2239         // this is for randomArg:
2240         public class Impl implements Fooable {
2241             public Object foo(Fooable x, Object y) {
2242                 throw new RuntimeException("do not call");
2243             }
2244             final String name;
2245             public Impl() { name = "Fooable#"+nextArg(); }
2246             @Override public String toString() { return name; }
2247         }
2248     }
2249     static Object fooForFooable(Fooable x, Object y) {
2250         return called("fooForFooable", x, y);
2251     }
2252     private static class MyCheckedException extends Exception {
2253     }
2254     private interface WillThrow {
2255         void willThrow() throws MyCheckedException;
2256     }
2257 
2258     @Test
2259     public void testAsInstance() throws Throwable {
2260         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2261         Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
2262         {
2263             MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(void.class);
2264             MethodHandle mh = lookup.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "runForRunnable", mt);
2265             Runnable proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(Runnable.class, mh);
2266             proxy.run();
2267             assertCalled("runForRunnable");
2268         }
2269         {
2270             MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Fooable.class, Object.class);
2271             MethodHandle mh = lookup.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "fooForFooable", mt);
2272             Fooable proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(Fooable.class, mh);
2273             Object[] args = randomArgs(mt.parameterArray());
2274             Object result = proxy.foo((Fooable) args[0], args[1]);
2275             assertCalled("fooForFooable", args);
2276             assertEquals(result, logEntry("fooForFooable", args));
2277         }
2278         for (Throwable ex : new Throwable[] { new NullPointerException("ok"),
2279                                               new InternalError("ok"),
2280                                               new Throwable("fail"),
2281                                               new Exception("fail"),
2282                                               new MyCheckedException()
2283                                             }) {
2284             MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.throwException(void.class, Throwable.class);
2285             mh = MethodHandles.insertArguments(mh, 0, ex);
2286             WillThrow proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(WillThrow.class, mh);
2287             try {
2288                 proxy.willThrow();
2289                 System.out.println("Failed to throw: "+ex);
2290                 assertTrue(false);
2291             } catch (Throwable ex1) {
2292                 if (verbosity > 2) {
2293                     System.out.println("throw "+ex);
2294                     System.out.println("catch "+(ex == ex1 ? "UNWRAPPED" : ex1));
2295                 }
2296                 if (ex instanceof RuntimeException ||
2297                     ex instanceof Error) {
2298                     assertSame("must pass unchecked exception out without wrapping", ex, ex1);
2299                 } else if (ex instanceof MyCheckedException) {
2300                     assertSame("must pass declared exception out without wrapping", ex, ex1);
2301                 } else {
2302                     assertNotSame("must pass undeclared checked exception with wrapping", ex, ex1);
2303                     UndeclaredThrowableException utex = (UndeclaredThrowableException) ex1;
2304                     assertSame(ex, utex.getCause());
2305                 }
2306             }
2307         }
2308         // Test error checking:
2309         for (Class<?> nonSAM : new Class[] { Object.class,
2310                                              String.class,
2311                                              CharSequence.class,
2312                                              Example.class }) {
2313             try {
2314                 MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(nonSAM, varargsArray(0));
2315                 System.out.println("Failed to throw");
2316                 assertTrue(false);
2317             } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
2318             }
2319         }
2320     }
2321 }
2322 // Local abbreviated copy of sun.invoke.util.ValueConversions
2323 class ValueConversions {
2324     private static final Lookup IMPL_LOOKUP = MethodHandles.lookup();
2325     private static final Object[] NO_ARGS_ARRAY = {};
2326     private static Object[] makeArray(Object... args) { return args; }
2327     private static Object[] array() { return NO_ARGS_ARRAY; }
2328     private static Object[] array(Object a0)
2329                 { return makeArray(a0); }
2330     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1)
2331                 { return makeArray(a0, a1); }
2332     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2)
2333                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2); }
2334     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3)
2335                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3); }
2336     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2337                                   Object a4)
2338                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4); }
2339     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2340                                   Object a4, Object a5)
2341                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5); }
2342     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2343                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6)
2344                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6); }
2345     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2346                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7)
2347                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7); }
2348     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2349                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
2350                                   Object a8)
2351                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8); }
2352     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2353                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
2354                                   Object a8, Object a9)
2355                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9); }
2356     static MethodHandle[] makeArrays() {
2357         ArrayList<MethodHandle> arrays = new ArrayList<MethodHandle>();
2358         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = IMPL_LOOKUP;
2359         for (;;) {
2360             int nargs = arrays.size();
2361             MethodType type = MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs).changeReturnType(Object[].class);
2362             String name = "array";
2363             MethodHandle array = null;
2364             try {
2365                 array = lookup.findStatic(ValueConversions.class, name, type);
2366             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
2367                 // break from loop!
2368             }
2369             if (array == null)  break;
2370             arrays.add(array);
2371         }
2372         assertTrue(arrays.size() == 11);  // current number of methods
2373         return arrays.toArray(new MethodHandle[0]);
2374     }
2375     static final MethodHandle[] ARRAYS = makeArrays();
2376 
2377     /** Return a method handle that takes the indicated number of Object
2378      *  arguments and returns an Object array of them, as if for varargs.
2379      */
2380     public static MethodHandle varargsArray(int nargs) {
2381         if (nargs < ARRAYS.length)
2382             return ARRAYS[nargs];
2383         // else need to spin bytecode or do something else fancy
2384         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("NYI: cannot form a varargs array of length "+nargs);
2385     }
2386     public static MethodHandle varargsArray(Class<?> arrayType, int nargs) {
2387         Class<?> elemType = arrayType.getComponentType();
2388         MethodType vaType = MethodType.methodType(arrayType, Collections.<Class<?>>nCopies(nargs, elemType));
2389         MethodHandle mh = varargsArray(nargs);
2390         if (arrayType != Object[].class)
2391             mh = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(mh, CHANGE_ARRAY_TYPE.bindTo(arrayType));
2392         return mh.asType(vaType);
2393     }
2394     static Object changeArrayType(Class<?> arrayType, Object[] a) {
2395         Class<?> elemType = arrayType.getComponentType();
2396         if (!elemType.isPrimitive())
2397             return Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, arrayType.asSubclass(Object[].class));
2398         Object b = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(elemType, a.length);
2399         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
2400             java.lang.reflect.Array.set(b, i, a[i]);
2401         return b;
2402     }
2403     private static final MethodHandle CHANGE_ARRAY_TYPE;
2404     static {
2405         try {
2406             CHANGE_ARRAY_TYPE = IMPL_LOOKUP.findStatic(ValueConversions.class, "changeArrayType",
2407                                                        MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Class.class, Object[].class));
2408         } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
2409             Error err = new InternalError("uncaught exception");
2410             err.initCause(ex);
2411             throw err;
2412         }
2413     }
2414 
2415     private static final List<Object> NO_ARGS_LIST = Arrays.asList(NO_ARGS_ARRAY);
2416     private static List<Object> makeList(Object... args) { return Arrays.asList(args); }
2417     private static List<Object> list() { return NO_ARGS_LIST; }
2418     private static List<Object> list(Object a0)
2419                 { return makeList(a0); }
2420     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1)
2421                 { return makeList(a0, a1); }
2422     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2)
2423                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2); }
2424     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3)
2425                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3); }
2426     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2427                                      Object a4)
2428                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4); }
2429     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2430                                      Object a4, Object a5)
2431                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5); }
2432     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2433                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6)
2434                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6); }
2435     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2436                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7)
2437                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7); }
2438     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2439                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
2440                                      Object a8)
2441                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8); }
2442     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
2443                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
2444                                      Object a8, Object a9)
2445                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9); }
2446     static MethodHandle[] makeLists() {
2447         ArrayList<MethodHandle> lists = new ArrayList<MethodHandle>();
2448         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = IMPL_LOOKUP;
2449         for (;;) {
2450             int nargs = lists.size();
2451             MethodType type = MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs).changeReturnType(List.class);
2452             String name = "list";
2453             MethodHandle list = null;
2454             try {
2455                 list = lookup.findStatic(ValueConversions.class, name, type);
2456             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
2457                 // break from loop!
2458             }
2459             if (list == null)  break;
2460             lists.add(list);
2461         }
2462         assertTrue(lists.size() == 11);  // current number of methods
2463         return lists.toArray(new MethodHandle[0]);
2464     }
2465     static final MethodHandle[] LISTS = makeLists();
2466 
2467     /** Return a method handle that takes the indicated number of Object
2468      *  arguments and returns List.
2469      */
2470     public static MethodHandle varargsList(int nargs) {
2471         if (nargs < LISTS.length)
2472             return LISTS[nargs];
2473         // else need to spin bytecode or do something else fancy
2474         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("NYI");
2475     }
2476 }
2477 // This guy tests access from outside the same package member, but inside
2478 // the package itself.
2479 class PackageSibling {
2480     static Lookup lookup() {
2481         return MethodHandles.lookup();
2482     }
2483 }